What Is LASIK Eye Surgery?

LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) is a popular refractive surgery that corrects vision problems including nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. The procedure takes approximately 15 minutes per eye and involves creating a thin flap in the cornea, reshaping the underlying corneal tissue with a laser, and replacing the flap.

The technology behind LASIK has evolved significantly since its FDA approval in 1999. Modern procedures use wavefront-guided technology that creates a detailed map of your eye, allowing for customized treatment. This advancement has improved outcomes and reduced complications compared to earlier techniques.

Most patients remain awake during LASIK, with eye drops providing local anesthesia. Recovery begins immediately, with many experiencing improved vision within 24 hours. The quick procedure and rapid recovery make LASIK appealing to those seeking freedom from corrective eyewear.

The Benefits of LASIK Surgery

The primary benefit of LASIK is improved vision without corrective eyewear. Over 96% of patients achieve their desired vision after LASIK, according to the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Many patients report 20/20 vision or better following the procedure.

Beyond visual acuity improvement, LASIK offers practical lifestyle advantages:

  • Freedom from glasses and contact lenses
  • Expanded career opportunities (military, law enforcement, aviation)
  • Simplified active lifestyle (swimming, sports)
  • No ongoing costs for glasses or contacts
  • Reduced risk of contact lens-related infections

The psychological benefits can be equally significant. Many patients report increased self-confidence and quality of life after LASIK. While the upfront cost ranges from $1,500 to $3,000 per eye, the long-term savings on eyewear and related products often offset this investment over time.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Like any surgical procedure, LASIK carries certain risks that must be carefully considered. Common temporary side effects include:

  • Dry eyes (lasting weeks to months)
  • Glare, halos, or difficulty driving at night
  • Fluctuating vision during the healing process
  • Sensitivity to light

More serious complications, though rare, can include:

  • Undercorrection or overcorrection requiring enhancement surgery
  • Regression (gradual return of vision problems)
  • Permanent dry eye syndrome
  • Corneal ectasia (bulging of the cornea)
  • Vision loss (extremely rare)

The FDA reports that less than 1% of LASIK patients experience serious complications. However, even minor complications can affect quality of life. Patients with certain conditions including autoimmune disorders, severe dry eye, or thin corneas may face higher risks and might not be suitable candidates for the procedure.

Who Makes an Ideal LASIK Candidate?

Not everyone qualifies for LASIK surgery. Ideal candidates typically:

  • Are over 18 years old (preferably over 21)
  • Have stable vision prescription for at least 1-2 years
  • Have sufficient corneal thickness
  • Have no eye diseases (glaucoma, cataracts, severe dry eye)
  • Are not pregnant or nursing
  • Have no autoimmune disorders

A comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation determines candidacy through multiple tests measuring corneal thickness, pupil size, refractive error, and overall eye health. This screening process identifies potential risk factors and helps predict outcomes.

Patients with realistic expectations tend to report higher satisfaction. While LASIK can dramatically improve vision, it may not deliver perfect vision in all cases. Some patients may still need reading glasses as they age due to presbyopia, a natural age-related condition affecting near vision.

The LASIK Experience: What to Expect

Understanding the LASIK journey helps patients prepare mentally and physically for the procedure:

Before Surgery: The pre-operative process involves a thorough eye examination and consultation. Patients typically stop wearing contact lenses 2-4 weeks before evaluation and surgery. The day before surgery, patients begin using prescribed antibiotic eye drops.

During Surgery: The actual procedure takes about 15 minutes total. After numbing drops are applied, a lid speculum keeps the eyes open. The surgeon creates a corneal flap, uses the laser to reshape the cornea (which takes about 60 seconds per eye), then repositions the flap.

After Surgery: Patients rest briefly at the clinic before going home with protective eye shields. Vision may be blurry initially with mild burning or itching. Follow-up appointments occur the next day, then at regular intervals throughout the recovery period. Most patients return to normal activities within 24-48 hours, though complete healing takes 3-6 months.